From Nanoparticles to Sustainability: A Conversation with Monica Quarato

Welcome to this inspiring conversation with Monica Quarato, a passionate scientist whose work bridges nanotechnology, environmental sustainability, and cutting-edge research. With a background in Biotechnology and hands-on experience across Europe, from Turin to Dublin, Ispra, and Braga, Monica has dedicated her career to advancing our understanding of nanoparticles, microplastics, and their impact on both health and the environment.

Today, she shares insights from her academic journey, her current projects at the International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), and her vision for the future of water purification and environmental monitoring.

How did your academic and professional journey lead you to INL and the Espiña Research Group?

During my academic and professional journey, I have been committed to advancing knowledge in the field of nanotechnology and its applications in the medical and environmental sectors, by joining different universities and research institutions. Driven by a growing interest in sustainability and the environmental impact of materials, I became involved in the detection and quantification of emerging contaminants, such as nanoparticles and microplastics, in both consumer products and marine organisms. The hands-on experience in applied environmental research helped shaping my scientific vision and reinforced my dedication in developing practical solutions to address global challenges.

Motivated to further specialise in this area, I joined the Espiña’s group, where, among other research topics, portable and automated devices are developed for the selective detection and quantification of water contaminants, as well as methods for evaluating the fate, bioaccumulation, and toxicity of nanomaterials. This work also formed the basis of my PhD thesis, carried out at INL in collaboration with the University of Vigo.

Can you describe the most exciting project you are currently working on?

I’m currently concluding the EU-funded D4RUNOFF project, which focuses on monitoring emerging contaminants, particularly pesticides and microplastics, in urban runoff waters. Urban runoff, including stormwater and snowmelt, is a major pathway through which pollutants are transported from the urban environment into natural water bodies. This type of diffuse pollution significantly deteriorates the quality of receiving waters, posing a threat to public health and damaging ecosystems.

Within this framework, we are developing novel methods for the detection and characterisation of these contaminants. By leveraging Raman and Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) techniques, we achieve high sensitivity during the analysis, while the integration with microfluidic systems enables the development of a portable and automated platform for on-site monitoring. Additionally, the use of AI supports precise and fully automated data analysis, enhancing both the reliability and scalability of the detection process.

What are the most promising advancements in your field that could revolutionise water purification and sustainability?

One of the most promising advancements is the development of smart, integrated monitoring systems that combine advanced sensing technologies, such as biosensors, with AI-based analysis. These systems allow for real-time, on-site detection of emerging contaminants like microplastics, pharmaceuticals, and endocrine disruptors, which are often missed by conventional methods. This kind of decentralised, data-driven approach is a game-changer for early detection and rapid response.

Another exciting direction is the design of energy-efficient and sustainable purification technologies, such as nanostructured membranes, electrochemical treatments, and nature-based solutions, that offer low-cost and low-carbon alternatives to traditional systems.

Finally, there’s a growing focus on circular water systems, where wastewater isn’t just treated and discharged, but is continuously reused in agriculture, industry, or even drinking water systems. When combined with smart monitoring and sustainable treatment, this could radically reduce our water footprint and improve resilience to climate change.

What advice would you give to young women interested in pursuing a career in STEM, particularly in environmental sciences?

My advice is: don’t be afraid to take up space. Your ideas, curiosity, and questions are valuable. STEM need diverse voices and perspectives to address complex global challenges. Stay curious, seek mentors who inspire and support you, and surround yourself with people who believe in your potential. It’s also important to be persistent, celebrate your progress, and never underestimate the impact of your work. Lastly, allow yourself to explore. Whether your passion lies in data, policy, lab work, or fieldwork, there’s a place for you. Your unique path can be your strength.

Grazie mille, Monica! Thank you for sharing your journey, your groundbreaking work, and your advice to future generations of scientists. Your commitment to real-world impact, sustainable innovation, and the empowerment of women in STEM is truly inspiring. We look forward to seeing the continued impact of your research in building a cleaner, smarter, and more resilient world.

Interview and Photography by Gina Palha, Communication, Conferences & Marketing Officer