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November 28, 2023

Regeneration after spinal cord injury, a project financed by CaixaResearch Health Research 2023 Contest

Recent research reveals neuro-behavioural changes associated with exposure to diesel exhaust particles

Air pollution is known to increase the likelihood of neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. However, the exact mechanism involved in this relationship remains poorly understood. Diesel exhaust particles stand out as a prominent air pollutant with proven human carcinogenic properties, posing significant health risks, especially in the context of neurodegenerative diseases. Nivedita Chatterjee, a researcher from the Nanosafety research group at INL, is studying how diesel exhaust particles affect neurodegeneration, i.e. the slow and progressive loss of neurons. The INL team found that exposure to diesel exhaust particles causes significant neuro-behavioural alterations. Ernesto Alfaro-Moreno, Nanofatey research group leader explains that “this research work was developed under the project iCare – one of the objectives of this EU-funded project is to develop an integrated model system that can characterise and predict the potential impact of nanomaterials on brain health, thereby preventing nanomaterials toxicity”. Nivedita adds “to establish these models, we use Caenorhabditis elegans, often referred to as C. elegans, which is a very small and transparent roundworm that has been extensively studied in the field of biology. The knowledge gained from these studies on C. elegans often has broader implications for understanding more complex organisms, including humans.” The […]

INL celebrates the Iberian Science Day with a joint initiative between Spain and Portugal

On November 17th, INL celebrated the Iberian Science Day: “An ode to the long years of scientific cooperation between Spain and Portugal”. Fostering a broad reflection on this relationship, the initiative was structured around two core moments: the introduction of the new INL Director General, Professor Clivia Sotomayor, and The European Chips Act event. The programme brought together high-level representatives of the European Commission and leading experts from Research & Technology Organisations to explore the forward position of both countries in the semiconductor industry and their potential to be a catalyst in the European Chips Act. Starting the event and focusing on the Iberian Strategy in the Semiconductor Industry, Lucilla Sioli, Director for Artificial Intelligence and Digital Industry in the European Commission, reinforced the importance of assessing and identifying the needs of the semiconductors’ industry alongside international patterns, like the US and Japan. Presenting the Pilot Lines for the Joint Undertaking (JU) and following the importance of a cooperation between research and the industry, Yves Gigase, Head of Programmes of the Chips Joint Undertaking, highlighted the steps towards the application of the work done by universities and the EU’s goals: with an increased budget of 4.175 billion euros, this is […]

INL and the Argentine Republic forge a Strategic Partnership

The International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL) and the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation of the Argentine Republic have formalized a landmark collaboration through the signing of a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU). The General-Director of INL, Professor. Dr. Clivia M. Sotomayor and the Argentinian Minister of Science, Technology and Innovation Daniel Filmus, signed this Agreement during a virtual meeting last November 9th, with the presence of the President of the Argentine Nanotechnology Foundation, Dr. Vera Álvarez among other people from the Argentine Republic and the INL. This agreement, framed within the INL Internationalization Strategy, strengthen the ties between INL and the Argentine Research and Innovation Ecosystem and sets the stage for an extensive partnership in the field of nanoscience and nanotechnology. The MoU, in force until November 2025 and renewed every two years, outlines several priority activities that will drive the collaboration: Exchange of scientific-technological Information and Personnel, since the partnership will actively promote mobility programs for researchers and technologists, facilitating knowledge exchange and skill development; Support of Joint Research and Development Projects; Exploration of funding opportunities for Research and Innovation and Innovation Promotion, enhancing the strategic impact of research outcomes. The execution of these activities will be overseen by […]

INL hosts successful Photonics Online Meetup

On November 13th and 14th, INL joined the global initiative Photonics Online Meetup (POM) as a POM-hub, bringing together 100 photonics enthusiasts from 24 organizations across Northwestern Iberia for two days of insightful discussions and engaging sessions. The conference was broadcast from the auditorium, while the lobby provided a platform for networking and socializing. The event was attended by representatives from various academic institutions, including the University of Minho, University of Porto, University of Aveiro, University of Vigo, University of Santiago de Compostela, University of Coimbra, University of Lisbon, FCT NOVA Lisbon, as well as representatives from local photonics-related industries and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). There were 42 poster submissions, and the best poster prize included student registration for the conference AOP2024 and the opportunity to be featured in the program as an invited speaker, sponsored by the Sociedade Portuguesa de Óptica e Fotónica. This event was sponsored by MT Brandão Lda and Izasa Scientific.

Matryoshka-like MEMS accelerometer

Nowadays, MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems) accelerometers play a crucial role in various applications such as inertial navigation, earthquake detection, spacecraft guidance, geophysical sensing, and structural monitoring. These microfabricated structures offer advantages such as small size, lightweight, low cost, low power, and easy integration with semiconductor technology, making them widely adopted in different fields. Researchers at INL have recently published a study introducing a micromachining technique to create complex MEMS structures for multi-axis sensing. The developed sensor uses a capacitive open-loop operation and features a hierarchical design resembling matryoshka dolls. This design allows for simple fabrication and operation, making it suitable for structural monitoring systems. The sensor comprises a double proof-mass hierarchical design with separate electrode sets for in-plane differential measurements. It operates based on changes in capacitance resulting from accelerations in different directions – accelerations in the xx and yy directions affect the gap of the differential sensing electrodes, leading to a differential capacitance change, while zz acceleration affects non-differentially their overlapping area. To detect zz acceleration direction, out-of-plane parallel plates are added to the device using suspended metallic membranes. Inês Garcia, one of the authors of this study and a member of the IMiNa research group, explains that “the proposed […]

Advancing artificial intelligence using nanophotonics

Nanophotonic Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are essential for creating efficient artificial intelligence (AI) systems inspired by the brain. These networks use tiny, efficient devices, that are smaller than a micron, to mimic the behaviour of neurons. However, there are challenges in developing compact and efficient components for generating and detecting spiking signals in these networks. In this recently published paper, a result of the European Union funded research project ChipAI, researchers discuss the difficulties, early successes, and opportunities for building a crucial photonic neural architecture using specific nanoscale devices called resonant tunnelling diodes, also known as nanoRTDs. These diodes act as artificial neurons that can generate rapid spikes. The INL team explores the potential for integrating nanoRTDs with small light-emitting diodes and nanolaser diodes to create both spiking signal emitters and receivers, all of which would be compact, fast, and energy-efficient. Bruno Romeira, one of the authors of this perspective article, explains “this paper addresses the benefits and challenges of developing small brain-inspired light-based computing systems, where the key feature is the use of light pulses, or spikes, to encode information. This approach is inspired by the way biological brains process information, as spikes are used to encode and transmit […]

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