 
      Espiña Group
Nanotechnology for a Safe and Sustainable use of Water Resources. Our mission is to overcome some of the most challenging issues in the water environment, making responsible use of original applied research on environmental nanotechnologies. We develop and apply nanotechnology solutions for the safe and sustainable use of water resources.
Research Lines:
- Water Monitoring: We develop novel portable and automatable measuring devices for the selective detection and quantification of water contaminants. We use innovative materials, such as molecular imprinted polymers and covalent organic frameworks, to make robust and selective sensors. We apply micro/nanostructured surfaces to avoid biofilm formation. Our focus is in electrochemical and Raman-based sensing.
- Econanosafety: We evaluate nanomaterials’ fate, transformation, toxicity and bioaccumulation in aquatic environments. A particular focus is paid to safe and sustainable-by-design approaches in nanomaterials and nano-enabled products.
Projects
Publications
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												Automated Background Noise Removal from Substrate Materials in Raman Spectra Using Dynamic Time Warping 
 ACS Omega, 2025Critical assessment of different ion-to-electron transducers in modified screen-printed electrodes for potentiometric lithium sensing 
 MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL, 2025Development of eco-friendly and cost-effective electrochemical sensor for the simultaneous detection of 4-aminophenol and paracetamol in water 
 SENSING AND BIO-SENSING RESEARCH, 2025
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												Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Activity of Chitosan Nanoparticles against Listeria monocytogenes 
 POLYMERS, 2023One-step synthesis of magnetic covalent organic framework composite for the adsorption of marine toxin okadaic acid 
 CRYSTENGCOMM, 2023Stable Graphene Membranes for Selective Ion Transport and Emerging Contaminants Removal in Water 
 ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, 2023Acute Aquatic Toxicity to Zebrafish and Bioaccumulation in Marine Mussels of Antimony Tin Oxide Nanoparticles 
 NANOMATERIALS, 2023Assessing Acinetobacter baumannii virulence and treatment with a bacteriophage using zebrafish embryos 
 FASEB JOURNAL, 2023Single-cell ICP-MS for studying the association of inorganic nanoparticles with cell lines derived from aquaculture species 
 ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, 2023A carboxyl-functionalized covalent organic polymer for the efficient adsorption of saxitoxin 
 JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS, 2023A Near-Infrared Mechanically Switchable Elastomeric Film as a Dynamic Cell Culture Substrate 
 BIOMEDICINES, 2023A novel label-free electrochemical immunosensor for detection of surfactant protein B in amniotic fluid 
 TALANTA, 2023Cobalt Impregnation on Titania Photocatalysts Enhances Vis Phenol Photodegradation 
 MATERIALS, 2023Correlative Light, Electron Microscopy and Raman Spectroscopy Workflow To Detect and Observe Microplastic Interactions with Whole Jellyfish 
 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, 2023Getting fat and stressed: Effects of dietary intake of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in the liver of turbot Scophthalmus maximus 
 JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS, 2023Green-Based Modifications of Polyethylene Surfaces Enhancing Antifouling Properties in Water-Related Systems 
 ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES, 2023Influence of Brewing Process on the Profile of Biogenic Amines in Craft Beers 
 SENSORS, 2023Innovative Antibacterial, Photocatalytic, Titanium Dioxide Microstructured Surfaces Based on Bacterial Adhesion Enhancement 
 ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS, 2023Layer-by-Layer siRNA Particle Assemblies for Localized Delivery of siRNA to Epithelial Cells through Surface-Mediated Particle Uptake 
 ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS, 2023Multiplex SERS Phenotyping of Single Cancer Cells in Microdroplets 
 ADVANCED OPTICAL MATERIALS, 2023Submicron- and nanoplastic detection at low micro- to nanogram concentrations using gold nanostar-based surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates 
 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-NANO, 2023Bioaccumulation of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in green (Ulva sp.) and red (Palmaria palmata) seaweed 
 MICROCHIMICA ACTA, 2023Electrochemical determination of heavy metal ions applying screen-printed electrodes based sensors. A review on water and environmental samples analysis 
 TALANTA OPEN, 2023The Functions of Cholera Toxin Subunit B as a Modulator of Silica Nanoparticle Endocytosis 
 TOXINS, 2023To be defined... 
 , 2023
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												A novel portable label-free electrochemical immunosensor for ultrasensitive detection of Aeromonas salmonicida in aquaculture seawater 
 ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, 2022Threefold reactivity of a COF-embedded rhenium catalyst: reductive etherification, oxidative esterification or transfer hydrogenation 
 CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS, 2022Towards on-site detection of gluten-containing cereals with a portable and miniaturized prototype combining isothermal DNA amplification and naked eye detection 
 MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL, 2022Development of an optical sensor for the determination of perchlorate ions 
 2022 IEEE International Conference on Design & Test of Integrated Micro & Nano-Systems (DTS), 2022Chapter 1. Fundamentals of Biosensors and Detection Methods 
 Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 2022Impurities in polyvinylpyrrolidone: the key factor in the synthesis of gold nanostars 
 Nanoscale Advances, 2022Pitfalls in methods to study colocalization of nanoparticles in mouse macrophage lysosomes 
 JOURNAL OF NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY, 2022Substrate stiffness reduces particle uptake by epithelial cells and macrophages in a size-dependent manner through mechanoregulation 
 NANOSCALE, 2022The Choice of Nanoparticle Surface-Coupled Fluorescent Dyes Impacts Cellular Interaction 
 CHEMNANOMAT, 2022The micro-, submicron-, and nanoplastic hunt: A review of detection methods for plastic particles 
 CHEMOSPHERE, 2022Toxicity of oleate-based amino protic ionic liquids towards Escherichia coli, Danio rerio embryos and human skin cells 
 JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS, 2022Cellular Uptake of Silica and Gold Nanoparticles Induces Early Activation of Nuclear Receptor NR4A1 
 NANOMATERIALS, 2022Combination of Recombinase Polymerase Amplification with SYBR Green I for naked-eye, same-day detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in ground meat 
 FOOD CONTROL, 2022Proteomics reveals multiple effects of titanium dioxide and silver nanoparticles in the metabolism of turbot, Scophthalmus maximus 
 CHEMOSPHERE, 2022Label-free SERS techniques in biomedical applications 
 SERS for Point-of-care and Clinical Applications (ELSEVIER), 2022pH-sensitive nanoliposomes for passive and CXCR-4-mediated marine yessotoxin delivery for cancer therapy 
 NANOMEDICINE, 2022
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												Study on the efficiency of a covalent organic framework as adsorbent for the screening of pharmaceuticals in estuary waters 
 CHEMOSPHERE, 2021Additional Commentary on the Detection and Quantification of Plastic Micro- and Nanoparticles in Tea Samples 
 CHIMIA, 2021Plastics in our ocean as transdisciplinary challenge 
 MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN, 2021Detection of Silver Nanoparticles in Seawater Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering 
 NANOMATERIALS, 2021A novel microfluidic system for the sensitive and cost-effective detection of okadaic acid in mussels 
 ANALYST, 2021Acute ecotoxicity assessment of a covalent organic framework 
 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-NANO, 2021Aligned and Oriented Collagen Nanocomposite Fibers as Substrates to Activate Fibroblasts 
 ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS, 2021Combining microcavity size selection with Raman microscopy for the characterization of Nanoplastics in complex matrices 
 SCIENTIFIC REPORTS, 2021Covalent organic framework as adsorbent for ultrasound-assisted dispersive (micro)solid phase extraction of polycyclic synthetic fragrances from seawater followed by fluorescent determination 
 ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA, 2021Selection of Covalent Organic Framework Pore Functionalities for Differential Adsorption of Microcystin Toxin Analogues 
 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES, 2021
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												A SERS-based 3D nanobiosensor: towards cell metabolite monitoring 
 MATERIALS ADVANCES, 2020Covalent Organic Framework Composites: Synthesis and Analytical Applications 
 MOLECULES, 2020Efficient adsorption of endocrine-disrupting pesticides from water with a reusable magnetic covalent organic framework 
 MICROPOROUS AND MESOPOROUS MATERIALS, 2020Evaluation and implementation of commercial antibodies for improved nanoparticle-based immunomagnetic separation and real-time PCR for faster detection of Listeria monocytogenes 
 JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-MYSORE, 2020Improved Photocatalyzed Degradation of Phenol, as a Model Pollutant, over Metal-Impregnated Nanosized TiO2 
 NANOMATERIALS, 2020Improved Photocatalyzed Degradation of Phenol, as a Model Pollutant, over Metal-Impregnated Nanosized TiO2 (vol 10, 996, 2020) 
 NANOMATERIALS, 2020Extraction of Ibuprofen from Natural Waters Using a Covalent Organic Framework 
 MOLECULES, 2020Particle Surfaces to Study Macrophage Adherence, Migration, and Clearance 
 Advanced Functional Materials, 2020A comparative study of silver nanoparticle dissolution under physiological conditions 
 NANOSCALE ADVANCES, 2020Are TiO2 nanoparticles safe for photocatalysis in aqueous media? 
 NANOSCALE ADVANCES, 2020Chapter 2. New techniques in environment monitoring. 
 Climate Change and Marine and Freshwater Toxins. De Gruyter, 2020Magnetic Hyperthermia for Cancer Treatment: Main Parameters Affecting the Outcome of In Vitro and In Vivo Studies 
 MOLECULES, 2020Multifuntional Gold Nanoparticles for the SERS Detection of Pathogens Combined with a LAMP-in-Microdroplets Approach 
 MATERIALS, 2020
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												Gold Nanostars for the Detection of Foodborne Pathogens via Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Combined with Microfluidics 
 ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS, 2019Recyclable magnetic covalent organic framework for the extraction of marine biotoxins 
 NANOSCALE, 2019Electrochemical Immunosensor for TNF alpha-Mediated Inflammatory Disease Screening 
 ACS CHEMICAL NEUROSCIENCE, 2019Polymer-Coated Gold Nanospheres Do Not Impair the Innate Immune Function of Human B Lymphocytes in Vitro 
 ACS NANO, 2019Phase Transformation of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles via Thermal Annealing: Implications for Hyperthermia Applications 
 ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS, 2019A hydrofluoric acid-free method to dissolve and quantify silica nanoparticles in aqueous and solid matrices 
 SCIENTIFIC REPORTS, 2019BSA/ASN/Pol407 nanoparticles for acute lymphoblastic leukemia treatment 
 BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL, 2019Effectiveness and Safety of a Nontargeted Boost for a CXCR4-Targeted Magnetic Hyperthermia Treatment of Cancer Cells 
 ACS OMEGA, 2019Microporous Plasmonic Capsules as Stable Molecular Sieves for Direct SERS Quantification of Small Pollutants in Natural Waters 
 CHEMNANOMAT, 2019Nanoparticle administration method in cell culture alters particle-cell interaction 
 SCIENTIFIC REPORTS, 2019Nanoparticle Behaviour in Complex Media: Methods for Characterizing Physicochemical Properties, Evaluating Protein Corona Formation, and Implications for Biological Studies 
 978-3-030-12461-8, 2019Portable sensing system based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy for the simultaneous quantification of free and total microcystin-LR in freshwaters 
 BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS, 2019Tailoring Covalent Organic Frameworks To Capture Water Contaminants 
 CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL, 2019A Bio-Inspired Amplification Cascade for the Detection of Rare Cancer Cells 
 CHIMIA, 2019Artificial Lysosomal Platform to Study Nanoparticle Long-term Stability 
 CHIMIA, 2019Biocompatibility and bioimaging potential of fruit-based carbon dots 
 NANOMATERIALS, 2019Quantification of Carbon Nanotube Doses in Adherent Cell Culture Assays Using UV-VIS-NIR Spectroscopy 
 NANOMATERIALS, 2019
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												Droplet microfluidics for the highly controlled synthesis of branched gold nanoparticles 
 SCIENTIFIC REPORTS, 2018
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												Straightforward phase-transfer route to colloidal iron oxide nanoparticles for protein immobilization 
 RSC ADVANCES, 2015New techniques in environment monitoring 
 Book: Climate change and marine and freshwater toxins (2015) Pages: 35-98 ISBN: 978-3-11-033303--9 , 2015
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												Fiber Optic Beam Shaping Using Self-assembled Polymeric Micro Structures. 
 Photonics 2015, 2(2), 634-645, 2014Study of the thermal decomposition of some components of biomass by desorption mass spectrometry 
 Springer Proceedings in Physics, 2014
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												Emerging (bio)sensing Technology for Assessing and Monitoring Freshwater Contamination – Methods and Applications 
 Ecological Water Quality – Water Treatment and Reuse, InTech, Croatia. ISBN: 978-953-51-0508-4 , 2012Host-Tailored Sensors for Leucomalachite Green Potentiometric Measurements 
 Journal of Chemistry 2013, 605403, 13, 2012
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												On the "concentration-driven" methylene-blue dimerization 
 Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 2009



